Investment Options Essay Example for Free

Venture Options Essay Shared assets remain the focal instruments speculators use to accomplish their monetary objectives. Regardless of whether for retirement or in the quest for extra benefits, individual and corporate financial specialists pick shared assets as a generally dependable and non-unpredictable strategy for making speculations. It shows up, notwithstanding, that separated from fulfilling the requirements of individual financial specialists, shared assets can effectively work to make sure about corporate market players from changes and moves in outside business sectors. In this unique situation, J. P. Morgan is the brilliant case of the manner in which shared assets are utilized to diminish the negative effect of budgetary emergency and to conquer the troubles looked in intense security markets. J. P. Morgan has most likely been the first to utilize shared assets as the instrument of security against the negative effects of monetary emergency. In his article, Michael Pollock (2009) reveals the insight into the way J. P. Morgan Strategic Income Opportunities support enables the organization to manage intense security markets. It shows up, that the reserve â€Å"has scarcely any limitations ordinary of security subsidizes that are advertised to general public† (Pollock, 2009); subsequently, it is better prepared to assist speculators with making due through the troublesome monetary occasions. The reserve capacities as indicated by a foreordained arrangement of standards, of which putting cash just into places where potential benefits overweigh potential dangers is presumably the most significant. The shared store at J. P. Morgan doesn't abstain from keeping a bit of advantages in real money, with the goal that financial specialists can emerge their venture openings when the correct second comes. Short selling is simply one more instrument the reserve uses to produce extra benefits; Pollock (2009) likewise takes note of that short selling is turning into a generally spread venture apparatus among security reserves. The rundown of speculation instruments J. P. Morgan uses to deal with its common reserve isn't restricted to short selling and money tasks. Here, financial specialists are likewise allowed to make short borrowings and afterward to sell these obtained shares; â€Å"investors can likewise make comparatively bearish wagers by purchasing credit-subsidiary instruments whose worth increments if the cost of a hidden corporate security declines† (Pollock, 2009). To an enormous degree, the reserve depends all in all arrangement of quantitative procedures that work to recognize huge speculation openings. The store is effectively included into overseeing long haul high return corporate protections and nonagency contract upheld securities. Subsequently, the store has had the option to accomplish the absolute return pace of 4. 3% this year (Pollock, 2009). Does that imply that past utilizing common assets as speculation targets and the wellsprings of extra benefits, organizations can likewise use the advantages of portfolio venture to shield themselves from outer emergency dangers? There is no unequivocal response to that question, yet J. P. Morgan clearly attempts to change customary assessments about speculation choices accessible to buyers. Truly all that we right now think about common assets doesn't make them look as a perfect speculation arrangement. Given that common assets are not typically ensured by the FDIC and are not guaranteed by any administration organization; that shared funds’ past execution isn't generally characteristic of its future uplifting possibilities; and that to be an individual from a shared reserve likewise intends to hold up under specific expenses related with speculations, the entire image of a common store doesn't look as much alluring. Be that as it may, where J. P. Morgan had the option to arrive at the purpose of all out return pace of 4. 3%, speculators may have a type of certainty that the organization will seek after a similar arrangement of venture standards, being very careful in its venture choices and utilizing the shared store as a powerful methods for hostile to emergency assurance. End Mutual assets are incorporated into the rundown of the most generally utilized venture choices. It shows up, be that as it may, that common assets can likewise be effectively used to shield organizations and speculators from the negative effect of the monetary emergency. In spite of the costs financial specialists need to convey just as flightiness of outside conditions, which shared assets can't control, the last remain moderately steady and non-unpredictable methods for managing intense security markets.

Community Relations about Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Relations about Policing - Essay Example the individuals who are distinguished to work intimately with the police and partake in policing exercises have had the option to recognize and report the guilty parties. In any case, there are as yet those exercises that are directed by the police which will in general thwart the achievement paces of network policing. This paper will talk about some of the issues to decide how they can be wiped out to guarantee that the dreams and missions of network policing are accomplished. It isn't just fitting that the police official gives high need to guaranteeing that the cops stay responsible, yet in addition fundamental that they get by as the pioneer of the police division. It is consequently that there is a need to cooperate with different individuals from the police power just as the individuals from the open who connect with the conceivable law guilty parties. One of the issues that the police boss continually stress over is the nonstop utilization of fierceness and exorbitant utilization of police power and powers. For this situation, the greater part of the cops and approach creators need to think about such attributes of network policing that undermine the responsibility of cops (Peter, 2009). One of the most essential issues in the individual cop or the whole gathering is the capacity to be responsible. This is the ground whereupon police officials are performed. The extent of this is the cops are likewise the open specialists who have been approved by the general population to guarantee that they are remained careful consistently. For this situation, they are even obliged to utilize power when it gets vital. In any case, a portion of the people exploit this position and are consequently engaged with exercises that uncover the abuse of their forces. Since a portion of these can't be identified by the chiefs or might be hard to find out the degree with which such administrations are given, general society should be made mindful of what's in store. This additionally frames some portion of the network

Every Other Never

Every Other Never There are a few things Ive been putting off lately. Meditating this morning. Cleaning my house this week. Finishing my taxes this month. This embarrassing list stretches on and on. With my mounting task list, Ive let my crastination turn pro. If I were running for public office, Ill get to it tomorrow would be an honest slogan for my tacky yard signs. Tomorrow? Well, today was once tomorrow, so if I want to break the cycle, I must pause and then prioritize my most important affairs. I know this intellectually, but its difficult in practice because it often feels like life gets in the way of life. Or, more accurately, everyone elses life gets in the way of my life. Work, leisure, and family obligations prevent me from doing what I need to do. But do they really? The truth is that even my best excuse is still an excuse. Today, I have the same 24 hours as everyone else. The only difference is how I spend itâ€"what I say yes to, and, just as important, what I say no to. So, instead of a never-ending to-do list, I make three lists in the Notes app on my phone. Today. My Today list functions like a to-do list but with one major difference: anything on this list must be completed today, so Im careful about what creeps onto this list because these are the things Ill say yes to over the next 24 hours; everything else receives a polite no, thank you. Todays list includes: meditate, write, exercise, read, sauna, file taxes, prepare for a podcast, cook dinner for Bex and Ella, and make three business-related phone calls. If I dont have enough time, Ill wake an hour earlier, before the world is buzzing, so I can focus. At the end of the day, Ill write a Tomorrow list at the bottom of this list, which becomes my new Today list in the morning. If anything from Today makes it to Tomorrow two times, then I either delete it or move it to the next list because its not a real priority. Someday. This short list helps me collect aspirational considerationsâ€"items that are important to me but not urgent. These Somedays might eventually become a priority, but not right now. My current list includes: schedule lunch with a friend, do the laundry, grocery shop, plan a vacation, and consider a couple consumer purchases Im still pondering. Eventuallyâ€"as soon as later this weekâ€"some of these items will make their way onto my Today list, while others will fall by the wayside as I focus on more vital undertakings. Never. These are the things I mustnt do if my Today list is incomplete; they are imaginary values that clog the path to my priorities. It turns out that nearly half my compulsions make this listâ€"watch TV, surf YouTube, check email, peruse social media, browse the news. However, the onus of these burdens is fake. I feel compelled by these distractions only because they are easier than hunkering down and drudging through more meaningful endeavors. Of course, everything worthwhileâ€"and all the rewardsâ€"reside on the other side of the drudgery. You May Also Enjoy How to Start a Successful Blog Today Learn how to start a blog in less than an hour. Follow the step-by-step instructions we used when starting our blog, which now has reached more than 20 million people. Creating this blog is one of the best decisions Ryan and I ever made. After all, our blog is how we earn a living. More important, it's how we add value to other people's lives. Read more 30-Day Minimalism Game Let's play a simple game together. We call it the 30-Day Minimalism Game. Find a friend, family member, or coworker who's willing to minimize their stuff with you next month. Read more 11 Ways to Write Better We are all writers now. Whether you write books, blog posts, emails, Instagram captions, or text messages, you are a writer. No matter your preferred medium, here are a few tips to help you write more effectively. Read more Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

The Life of Theodore Roosevelt - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 710 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/05 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Theodore Roosevelt Essay Did you like this example? In 1858 a boy named Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York, New York. His mother, Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, along with his father, Theodore Roosevelt Sr., not only challenged but inspired Roosevelt to become one of our countrys most reformative presidents. As a child Roosevelt was fascinated by nature and history. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Life of Theodore Roosevelt" essay for you Create order His father advised Roosevelt You have the mind but not the body and without the help of the body the mind cannot go as far as it should. You must make your body, so Roosevelt began to practice boxing, wrestling, and jujitsu. He believed keeping his body fit allowed him to maintain a fighting edge. Roosevelt was always a curious student and excelled academically. He decided to continue his education at Harvard University, originally, intending to become a scientist. With his fathers death in 1878 Roosevelt had a change in heart and decided to attend Columbia University where he found his passion in politics and historical writing. After marrying his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee, Roosevelt began his political career as a republican in the New York State Assembly in 1881. He quickly became known as a reformer due to his opposition in corruption. His political career took a break after his wife died only days after giving birth to his first-born daughter, Alice, along with his mother dying the same day. Heartbroken, Roosevelt moved out to Dakota where he spent the next couple years hunting and writing. It was during this time that Roosevelt found his passion for nature. In 1886 Roosevelt moved back home to New York and married Edith Kermit Carow. It wasnt until several years later that Roosevelts military interests unveiled when President William McKinley appointed him as assistant secretary to the navy. Roosevelt pushed to strengthen the fleet and fight the war against Spain. When war finally began Roosevelt resigned his position to join Colonel Wood in organizing a volunteer cavalry of men know as the Rough Riders. A group best remembered for their valiant efforts against Spain in the battle of San Juan. Roosevelts name was once again anticipated in politics. In 1900, delegates secured Roosevelts nomination as vice president for McKinleys party. Roosevelt didnt want to run because vice president usually meant the end of a mans political career. Nonetheless, McKinley- Roosevelt defeated William Jennings Bryan. Just one year later, in September of 1901 an assassination attempt was made on McKinley who died a week later from an infection. Roosevelt then became the youngest President of the United States. As a president, Roosevelt made movements against big corporations he felt were attempting to monopolize an industry, he soon became known as the Trustbuster. He also pushed businesses to improve labor conditions, implementing workers compensation and child labor laws. In 1906 Roosevelt passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. All these regulations remain in place today, but it was Roosevelts conservationist movements that he is most remembered for. He became the first president to speak out against the exploitation of our natural resources and claimed 150 million acres of land to be used as national parks. In 1906, Roosevelt became the first American to win a Nobel Peace Prize due to his efforts in acting as a mediator in the midst of the Russian- Japanese war. When election time came in 1904 Roosevelts Square Deal policy to the common man allowed him to easily defeat his democratic opponent Alton B. Parker. Roosevelt then announced he would not run again next election and chose William Howard Taft as his successor, who won in 1908. Roosevelt spent the next year traveling the world but couldnt seem to stay away from politics. In 1912 Roosevelt ran against Taft as the republican nominee but after losing he abandoned the republican party and created the progressive party, a party that promoted strong government regulation over businesses. Roosevelt ultimately defeated Taft but came in second to Woodrow Wilson. In the election of 1916 Roosevelt rejected the progressive party when they nominated him to run against Wilson. Roosevelts motivation died with his sons passing in World War I. His health soon began to decline and in January 1st of 1919 Roosevelt passed away in his sleep in Oyster Bay, New York. He later on joined George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln when he was enshrined on Mount Rushmore.

How Morals Were Shaped Through The Creation Stories

How morals were shaped through the creation stories in the book of Genesis â€Å"The first principle of value that we need to rediscover is this: that all reality hinges on moral foundations. In other words, that this is a moral universe, and that there are moral laws of the universe just abiding as the physical laws† (Martin Luther King Jr.). Everyone around the world, regardless of gender, race, religion, and political views are defined by their own moral compass. The decisions that people make are heavily influenced by their own unique moral compass that was shaped through the culture and societal norms exposed around them. In particular, the book Genesis describes the creation of man and through their creation, brings forth the ideal†¦show more content†¦However, this creation story raises multiple questions regarding Huynh 2 morality in today s contemporary beliefs. Before, people may blindly take it that God is always right and that we should obey Him because we will be severely punished if we disobey. Now, people in general have become more open minded and analytical with what they read. For instance, the story depicts that the reason why Adam and Eve were punished because they ate the fruit that gave them knowledge of right and wrong. However, Adam and Eve did not know the difference between right and wrong before eating the fruit. For example, after eating the fruit, Adam and Eve knew it was wrong for them to be naked and tried to cover themselves. So was it right for God to punish Adam and Eve when they did not know that it was right or wrong to disobey Him? Is it moral to punish those who do not understand what is right and wrong, much less differentiate the two? In fact, the first story in Genesis shows how destructive God can be to those who do not obey His commands which raises question s about morality to the reader. Depending on the reader s interpretation, the story influences their moral compass. Several interpretations could be: â€Å"It is morally wrong to disobey God and to disobey God means we will face dire consequences† or â€Å"It is morally wrong to disobey God, but was it unjust for God to punish those who are ignorant of what is

Operation Watch On The Rhein - 3271 Words

Operation Watch on the Rhein The Battle of the Bulge 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 CW2 Gregory L. Nun WOAC Class 03-14 Dr. Boyd L. Dastrup October 20, 2014 Introduction Known as Operation Watch on the Rhein, â€Å"Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein† in German, Germany launched one of the last and deadliest counteroffensive operations against Allied forces along the Western Front of the European Theater during World War II. The primary goal was to split the American and British defenses in two and capture Antwerp to regain control and use of the harbor, encircle the American and British armies in the area, sever the alliance between the U.S. and Britain, and to force negotiations for a peace treaty with the U.S.†¦show more content†¦In September, Hitler announces and starts the planning for a major counteroffensive on the Allied Forces along the Western Front through the Ardennes region, which was lightly defended due to the rapid advance of forces and the long logistical routes needed to keep the forward units supplied and operational. Attempting to launch a counteroffensive on the Allies would be a risky decision and move. On O ctober 8, Generaloberst Alfred Jodl presented Hitler with 5 initial plans for approval, all were rejected. Jodl then submitted 2 additional plans on October 11, with a combination of the two plans being approved. It was from this combination that the Ardennes plan, named Operation Watch on the Rhein, was initiated. A couple of days later the Ardennes plan was briefed to the senior ranking officers in the German army. The primary units assigned to Operation Watch on the Rhein were given their Order of Battle and Objectives: Operation Wacht am Rhein: Army Group B Order of Battle and Objectives . . . Sixth Panzer Army; . . . 1. Advance through Verviers and Malmà ©dy, parallel with the Amblà ¨ve River 2. Wheel northwest, crossing the River Meuse at Lià ¨ge and Huy 3. Advance for Maastricht and Antwerp while Fifteenth Army protected their right flank Fifth Panzer Army; . . . 1. Advance through St. Vith and Bastogne, crossing the Our, Clerf and Salm Rivers 2. Advance northwest across the Ourthe, Lesse and L’Homme to the

Character Sketch free essay sample

Who would think that an old fragile woman would have such a feisty personality in her childhood? Yes, we are talking about the one and only Kim Cowley from the play script â€Å"Brother in the Land† During her time of youth, Kim was what every girl would wish to be. Throughout the play script, she has been described very determined, fearless and ambitious. The true characteristics of a great leader. When Kim was first introduced into the story, she was shown very wild and selfish. When her ‘so-called’ friends tried to steal her bag of food after the tragic nuclear attack, she was ruthless and attempted to kill one of them, and would have finished the job if Danny had not stopped her. She does not regret her actions at all, as after the fight for food ended, she said â€Å"He wouldn’t have thought twice about doing (killing) me in. Then simply tell what happened as you spent time together. From time to time, describe the persons gestures or facial expressions. It is important to put words into the persons mouth in direct quotations. As you work on this paper, you should decide what kind of emotional reaction you want the reader to have in relationship to this person. What kind of details can you select to create that emotional reaction? Avoid making broad characterizing statements; instead, let the details you give suggest general characteristics. Let the reader draw her own conclusions. Example of a Character Sketch Grandma Atkinson (Courtesy of the Northern Illinois University Writing Across the Curriculum Program) We pulled into the gravel driveway and nudged the front bumper of the 1953 Chevy up to the left garage door. Climbing out of the car, we walked across the driveway to the homemade brick sidewalk, past the patch of blooming, orange day lilies, around the corner of the large, white, frame house to the green screen door. As we opened the squeaky door, we passed from the bright sun of a mid-summer day in Bertrand, Nebraska, into the back porch of Grandpa and Grandmas house. Our eyes needed to adjust to the darkness, but we could make out the coveralls hanging on the far wall, a bushel basket in one corner, and a pail with garden hand tools against another wall. We stepped up a step into the kitchen, a window to our left and old, white wooden cupboards with counters lining the two walls to our left. At the end of the isle between the two sets of cupboards was a gas stove on one side, and a squat-looking refrigerator with rounded corners across the isle. A coffee pot sat on the stove, and I could smell the rancid aroma of over-cooked coffee. Passing on through the narrow kitchen, we stepped into the spacious dining room, dominated by a large round, wooden table. Anyone home? You here, Mom? My mother called out. About the same time, Grandma appeared in the door of her bedroom across the room from where we stood. Glory, be! Look whose here. Grandma said, wiping her wrinkled hands on her faded apron. She shuffled slightly as though she were about to step on into the dining room, but before she could make her move, my mother had dashed across the room and was giving her a hug. Dad and I followed sheepishly across the room, knowing that the mandatory hug was about to happen. When it was my turn, I could feel the soft, loose flesh of Grandmas sagging arms as she hugged me close and placed a wet smack on my turned cheek. Grandmas lavender-scented perfume obliterated the faint whiff of mothballs that permeated Grandma and Grandpas house. She was a small woman, not much taller than me, much shorter than my mother. She had pure white hair that she always wore up in an old fashioned bun. Here hair was actually quite long. I know because every night she would comb it out, leaning forward and combing the hair from the back of her head down to the floor in long strokes that looked like they tired her sagging arms. Grandma always wore dresses that hung to mid calve, usually buttoned up the front, covered by one of her many faded aprons. It wasnt long before we were all sitting around the large, round wooden table in the dining room, looking out through the large windows, draped in white sheers, to the large side yard where my favorite apple tree stood. It was time for the 4:00 coffee break. Grandpa had come in from the garden where he had been pruning tomato plants, their pungent odor still clinging to his hands. Grandma had made a pot of fresh coffee, adding an egg white to the boiling brew at the last minute to clarify the coffee. Even so, we would all find grounds in the bottom of our cups. Even though I was only seven years old, I had been drinking coffee at Grandmas house for as long as I could remember. Each of us had a coffee cup with a flower pattern, which sat on a matching saucer. A plate of rusks, dried toast pieces, was being circulated for dipping. There was also a tin with saltine crackers. I took two squares, and, when the creamery butter .

Hung Dinh Essays (1860 words) - Literature, Fiction, Arts

Hung Dinh Period 1 05/27/2017 Mr. Jade English class Project of the final Today, we are going to mention about two books that we learned already were Of Mice and Men book of the author John Steinbeck and Brave New World book of the author Aldous Huxley. Two of the books both have very good meaning as well as condemn about the brutal regime of each book that make us to mention about them today. First thing I want to compare the regime between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World book. In Of Mice and Men book, they have many classes some of them are master class, farmer class as well as lower class. Lower class, they did not have any authorities or right to decide their life, they had to go to work to get money for the living cost and they were so poor, in social, Of Mice and Men women did not have any rights they had to subordinated to their husband or their family. The Book Of Mice and Men of John Steinbeck were written to send a message for reader that the loneliness was made by gender and classes, in Of Mice and Men, the author John Steinbeck used th e character Crooks to show how loneliness came from social divisions by race and of course they could not reach to the America dream that everybody always wish to have. Moving to Brave New World book of Aldous Huxley, everything was opposite. In Brave New World book, the reader learns that everyone in this civilization is a clone, the product of Bokanovsky's Process, this homogenization process has been perfected for the purpose of creating order in the world. Their world motto is "Community, Identity, Stability.". Let's analysis next point, everything was drawn by Aldous Huxley, he drew a wonderful new world not only without the loneliness but also have a lot of awesome thing that people in the old world never have. In Brave New World, there had five classes to maintain that stability, the World Controllers have devised a system wherein different classes of people (Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons) correspond to different levels of power, intellect, and wealth two of the most powerful were upper classes (Alpha and Beta), and three last lower classes were slave, Alpha and Beta dominated lower classes. It is opposite with Of Mice and Men book of John Steinbeck at point although in Of Mice and Men book poor people had the loneliness but they were not dominated by anyone. The second point between Brave New World book and Mice and Men were in Brave New World upper classes were molded have more right but in Mice and Men upper classes have more freedom. The next part that we are going to mention about between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World is the love of each character's relationship. Through the book Of Mice and Men of the author John Steinbeck, I think you are already know the type of love as well the affection of George with Lennie, they have found companionship. George and Lennie, they watched out for one another. Moreover, they have a dream of finding a fixed place, where they could call home, a farm of their own, they were doing what they can do to against the loneliness. George also knew Lennie very well, they had been friends for a long time as well as they cared about each other and looked after one another. Even though George was mostly looking after Lennie than the other way around. Through this situation, you guy can see their relationship of love were Phileo type and what is Phileo type of love say? It said: "Phileo love is brotherly love. This type of love is most often shown within close friendships. This is a generous and affectionate love that seeks to make the other person happy with no expectation for the acts of kindness to be returned", that is exactly what George did to Lennie, he was never thought to receive something back to him. Thus, everything was so clearly that George and Lennie's love were a phileo type of love, an awesome brotherly love.

why the Australian governem in essays

why the Australian governem in essays The Australian Government intervenes for several of reasons in the economy to address failures in the free market. The government uses various methods or intervention in order to allocate resources , the distribution of income and the economic stability. The Australian government intervenes in the economy because the free market does not always provide the most efficient allocation of resources for the economy. There are many reasons that show this, the government does this so it can provide important things that would not otherwise be provided. They do this because some necessitys and goods and services may not be provided under a pure market system. The government does this so it can look after the economy much better and sometimes better for essential goods and services to be provided by the government. A great example of this would be the defence force, it is more safer to have a defence force in the hands of the government rather than to have a system of private armies.The government also provides regulations to prevent producers from exploiting consumers with misleading information or by agreeing to raise prices. That is one way the government intervenes in the Australian economy. Secondly the government intervenes in the Australian economy is in the distribution of income. Because the free market will not necessarily provide a socially desirable or fair distribution. They do this so people are able to live so the rich dont get richer and the poor dont get poorer. The government does this through social welfare payments and progressing income tax. Therefore social welfare payments is when the government redistributes income by taxing people on higher incomes more heavily than a person earning ends meat, and this money is redistributed back into the economy to the members that dont contribute to the production process. Some examples of the social welfare payments are disability pensions,...

Alzheimer's - Current research and treatments Paper

Alzheimer's - Current and treatments - Research Paper Example Beta amyloid protein damage cells by converting oxygen into hydrogen peroxide ‘bleach’ that corrode brain cells, interfere with message relays in the brain and signaling the cell to self-destruction (Patterson et al 120). In accordance to Patterson, Feightner and Garcia, there is a transition from epidemiologic observation to rigorous clinic test trials on Alzheimer’s patients which is crucial in understanding the most beneficial treatments amyloid Hypothesis is undergoing analysts alongside many trails aimed at reducing amyloid and plague which are completes and are in testing phases. Ways researched and documented are; anti aggregation agents, immunotherapeutic trials and modulation of secretases used in beta amyloid production. The major therapies of hyper-phosphorylated tau and novel targets are under research these therapies target the enhancement of serotonin receptor, factors of nerve growth, mitochondrial function enhancement, and advanced gyration product s receptor. Boothby and Doering articulate that Current scientific research and the treatment of Alzheimer’s ‘covers four core areas. First is to increase efficiencies of damaged nerves, donepezil hydrochloride and memantine hydrochloride drugs are used. They foster the cell efficiencies though their effect is short lived. Secondly, is inhibiting manufacture of beta amyloid proteins. Current experiments are performed to determine a molecule that prevents the process of the parent beta amyloid protein (Patterson et al, 120). This is aimed at reducing the production of these proteins. Subsequently a lots of research work concentrates on ways of inhibiting beta amyloid build up within cells. Patterson, Feightner, and Garcia Scientists theorize that the beta amyloid become toxic with each build-up, thus if broken down at an earlier stage, they become less toxic. Lastly, clinical studies are aiming at shielding nerve cells form hydrogen peroxide effects. Use of vitamin E as a shield shows little but impacting improvement in a group of Alzheimer’s patients. A range of antioxidants is being tested in research labs to determine if they can protect the cells. Though minerals such as copper iron and zinc metals are essential for brain functions, there is continued research on ways to prevent the minerals interacting with brain cells. Though treatments may be available, it is paramount to see that the disease risk factors are discovered and prevented. Such risk factors are cholesterol, high blood pressure, Diabetes, gender hormones, brain activity, physical activity and antioxidants and nutrition. Research shows that cholesterol increases the blood pressure hence aggravating the risk of blood pressure. Statin drugs are used to lower blood cholesterol though clinical studies depict them as ineffective if used over a long period. Alternative research studies have shown that amino acid homocsyteine increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s. Mean while, High blood pressure has a link between stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. High blood pressure damages blood vessels hence reducing the brain oxygen supply (Neugroschl and Sano 129). The Resultant 'oxidative stress' speeds up the production of amyloid protein. Subsequently, Diabetes is majorly associated with different type of dementia i.e. Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. Both Diabetes and Alzheimer’s manifest similar characteristics in the elderly, that is deposits of amyloid protein in brain and pancreas. Women possess

Poem analisis of My Mistress Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun by William Essay

Poem analisis of My Mistress Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun by William Shakespeare - Essay Example This paper is a critical analysis of the poem to highlight the the issues the poem raises. In the sonnet, â€Å"My Mistress’ Eyes†, the speaker compares the beauty of his beloved to many things in nature. However, the readers who are used to listen to extravagant praises get surprised when he says â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun† (CXXX, line 1). The impression he creates is that he is not likely to like her for this simple reason, because the prevailing social attitude was such. Therefore, very eagerly the next lines are anticipated by the readers to see whether the other features and qualities of her are worthy enough to attract the lover. Unfortunately, the speaker proceeds with worse descriptions and comparisons: â€Å"Coral is far more red than her lips’ red: †¦/ If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head, /. †¦/ But no such roses see I in her cheeks† (lines 2 – 6). Obviously, one should wonder, part icularly in sixteenth century, how one can love such a lady. Shakespeare challenges various issues here. The social attitude that only a beautiful lady has a heart is called into question. Psychologically, it raises questions like whether true love can ever be generalized. The obvious question Shakespeare here raises is whether love is physical, social, or psychic.

Prostitution Legalisation Sexual Offences

Prostitution Legalisation Sexual Offences Prostitution is defined as participating in sexual activity in exchange for money. Its often referred to as the oldest profession and is a highly emotive topic nestled within the tangled web of sexuality and morality. The legal status of prostitution has constantly fluctuated over centuries and even millennia as well as in different countries where it can be punishable by death or completely legal. The historical legislation on prostitution is as vast and as changeable as English law itself is. As long as laws have existed there have been many varying degrees of legalisation and illegalisation of prostitution. In 1161 King Henry II allowed the regulation of Londons brothels. (Evans, 1979) and in 1546 Henry VIIIs ended Englands toleration of prostitution. (Roberts, 1993) During the 19th Century the Victorians ideas of ‘morality and ‘social purity influenced legislation concerning sexuality and sexual offences. (Walkowitz, 1980) The first law was made with the reference to the term ‘common prostitute was the Vagrancy Act of 1824. In Subsection 3 of this Act stated that any common prostitute behaving in a riotous or indecent manner in a public place or thoroughfare was liable to a fine or imprisonment. (Laite [online]) Further legislation was built up over this period including ‘solicitation laws brought about in England in 1847 made it an illegal offence t o loiter or solicit people for the purpose of prostitution. These offences were arrestable and punished by fines which could be increased upon subsequent convictions. In 1885 parliament passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act (Walkowitz, 1980) which was resultant response to both the publication of an investigative report in the Pall Mall Gazette (Laite) witch uncovered an organised child prostitution ring. The act addressed the issue of Age of consent raising it to 16 and created laws outlawing the forcible detainment and procuring of women for purposes of prostitution. It also addressed laws on brothels, but due to lack of definition of the word brothel it was used everything from what we understand as brothels to a residence of two or more prostitutes. This lead to heavy arrest figures of many prostitutes particularly poor ones as they would often rent premises together so that the cost could be shared and since they had no money to pay legal cost they could find themselves with hefty fines or three months imprisonment. Some of the next significant changes in prostitution Legislation came about in the 1950s. A report was published in 1954 called the Wolfenden report as a response to public concern of the rise of the number of women involved in prostitution. (Phoenix, 2005) The report had far reaching effect and the recommendations made went on to form the basis of the Street Offences Act 1959. The report consolidated the official discourse on prostitution and created a ‘new framework for the regulation of prostitution. The Acts most significant parts pertaining to prostitution included making it illegal for a prostitute to loiter and solicit in a public place and it introduced a system where prostitutes were first cautioned for offences and after repeat offences a punishment such as a fines would be introduced and if the offending progressed further the offender could be imprisoned for up to three months. (Scrambler, 1997) Other legislation in the Sexual Offences Act 1956 updated the laws on t he offence of keeping a brothel, the offence of procuring a woman into prostitution by any means of force or under duress. Additionally it was an offence for a man to live off of the earnings of prostitution (i.e.: pimping). Legislation dealing with prostitution was not an issue in contention again until the 1980s. In the 1970s and 1980s a number of groups linked with feminist groups emerged in Europe and America promoting the rights of prostitutes (E.g.: COYOTE (call off your old tired ethics) and the ECP (English collective of prostitutes)) and called for the decriminalisation and normalisation of prostitution. (Matthews, 2008) they argued that the laws directed at prostitutes were discriminatory and counterproductive. In addition to that there were increasing concerns about the levels of ‘kerb-crawling and it was agreed that a new law was needed to address the issue. These problems were addressed in the 1985 Sexual Offences Act (Scrambler, 1997) which included the criminalization of ‘Kerb Crawling. Such measures see a shift of focus on who is the ‘problem which can be seen as answering the critics who argued against the ‘double standards of punishing prostitutes who were nearly always women and often vulnerable and probably poor. However an argument against the ‘Kerb crawling law was that it would lead to an increased lack of safety for sex workers on the streets as they have to identify and go with a client quickly to avoid detection and arrest. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 makes amendments to these previous laws, strengthening them and updating them to include both male and female sex workers and extending the punishment for keeping a brothel to up to 7 years in prison. (OPSI, 2003) Additionally it can be noted that the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 which saw the introduction of Anti-social behaviour orders were used against persistent offenders and street prostitutes were a primary recipient of these in certain English counties, (Sanders, 2005) A study conducted on the matter in Birmingham found during the study that nineteen prostitutes had been served ASBOs for persistent solicitation and two women were sent to prison for breaching their orders. (Jones Sager, 2001) All of this past legislation has culminated in the current UK law on Prostitution which is that whilst it is legal to be a prostitute (take money in return for sex), the laws make all other surrounding areas of prostitution illegal, such as streetwalking, pimping, soliciting (advertising sexual services), kerb crawling and keeping brothels are illegal. Critics argue that the current laws make, providing sex in exchange for money difficult and dangerous. Additionally we have seen that there have been changes in the ideas of prostitution being a victimless crime, to being a crime which victimises women and children. These shifts in the perceptions of prostitution are informing new calls for a change in policy with claims that the current laws are out-of-date and furthermore they are ‘biased against providers of sex and lenient on those who organise, buy and control and coerce women (Edwards in Sanders, 2005) What appears to be coming clear is that many would prefer to see clear cut laws on prostitution that are either in favour of abolitionism (in the sense that prostitution is prohibited) or legalisation. But in addition to that others look towards legislation which centers on either decriminalisation or regulation. Petitioners for reform look towards examples of other countries and their legislation on prostitution. Most notably those in favour of decriminalization look towards the examples such as the Netherlands, Australia, Germany and Sweden. Sweden is a prime example of Decriminalisation. In Sweden they hold the view that prostitutes are exploited by their clients and it should be the clients which are held responsible. In 1998 the â€Å"Security for Women† bill was introduced in Sweden which included the criminalisation of the purchasers of sexual services, with penalties ranging from a fine to 6 month imprisonment. A key component of the legislation was specific funding for exit strategies for women wishing to leave prostitution, including specific benefits, specialist drug and alcohol services and accommodation. At the time of implementation it was estimated that there were 2,500 prostituted women in Sweden with approximately 600 working in street prostitution, which has now been reduced by 80%. Over 500 men have been charged under the act and the law has an 80% approval rating from the public five years after implementation. (McAlpine, 2006) The Netherlands has changed over the past century it once outlawed brothels and pimping, however in the later half of the 20th Century prostitution was tolerated and regulated within certain areas. (Matthews, 2008) Over the last decade there has been a new shift, as pimping became legalised and brothels decriminalised. The idea for allowing brothels was too shift prostitution from the streets and help make prostitution safer for the prostitutes. The result in this change in policy is that the sex industry has reportedly expanded by 25% and the sex industry now accounts for 5% of the Dutch economy. (McAlpine, 2006) There has however been some criticism of this policy system. Its been argued that the prostitutes are still losing out as they lose control of the ability to choose customers; the prices charged the hours they work and the services they offer. (Safer London Committee, 2005) This is often put down to the influx of women from the Eastern Block, South East Asia and Africa many of who are trafficked by criminal gangs and as a result damage the industry by pushing down prices and not following codes of conduct. (Bindel, 2004) Additionally in the Netherlands during the 1990s they initiated a project in an effort to manage and control Street prostitution by introducing tolerance zones called ‘tipple zones in a number of their cities where street prostitution was a problem. The function of these zones was to be an area outside of major population areas where street workers would be tolerated to operate; drug dealers and pimps were not tolerated within the area. Charitable agencies also provided help within these areas offering counselling, clean needles, and panic alarm buttons. However while to begin with tipple zones reduced the level of nuisance associated with street prostitution it was seen to be a failure in the long run and eventually all of the zones were closed down. (Matthews, 2007) Certain States in Australia are prime examples of Legalisation. In Victoria, Australia there were 40 legal brothels in Victoria in 1989, in 1999 there were 94 along with 84 escort agencies following the legalisation of the industry in addition to many illegal venues. Legalisation is argued to have normalised the industry with the pimps being considered legitimate businessmen and sitting together with the police and lawyers on the Prostitution Control Board. (McAlpine, 2006) But it isnt all positive as there are still a significant amount of brothels that are unregistered and many prostitutes do not want to register as prostitutes because they do not want to be stigmatised. (Bindel, 2004) Legalising prostitution seems to be far more complex than it initially appears and moreover, evidence in other countries shown can display that it does not solve the problems of prostitution. In countries where prostitution is legalised such as the Netherlands and Germany there are still significant problems with Street Prostitutes and there are also significant problems with the levels of trafficked sex workers. In return to ideas for reform of UK Legislation it would appear that the overall critique of the UK laws is that the legislation is failing in combating prostitution. Furthermore like most prostitution policy approaches Bindel (2004) argues that they â€Å"Lack a coherent philosophical underpinning, from which specific short and longer term aims and objectives could be drawn. The most coherent approach in terms of philosophy and implementation is that adopted by Sweden, and interestingly it is the only one where no one who sells sex is subject to the criminal law. Many argue, that a lot of money is still spent on law enforcement efforts to catch prostitutes and their customers. When prosecuted, the justice system has to process them through expensive systems. The end results appear to be that there is little impact on prostitution. Prostitutes pay the penalty fines and are back on the streets again in what becomes a revolving door process. (Sanders, 2005) In terms of the most successful form of policy for the management of street Prostitutes it appears that Swedens approach looks to be the most successful. Their laws make use of the notion that prostitutes are victims of male violence, and so the purchaser of sex is the criminal and the seller of sex the victim. It can be argued that the reasons for these ideas working are that it is the perfect deterrence. A typical male who visits a prostitute isnt the stereotypical view of an older lonely man but it can be anyone. (Spurrell, 2006) Because of this it is likely that many men would be deterred from using prostitutes if it is made far more unfavourable. If UK prostitution legislation were to be reformed it would be important to make it more fitting to todays attitudes. It has been established that whilst prostitution in the UK is legal majority of the acts surrounding it are not. The reasons for this are within the basis of past legislation, which sought to protect women from abuse and victimisation. And additionally to push it to the margins of society, presumably in the hope that it would go away. Realistically however it is unlikely that it will go away, so there is the need to address ways to manage prostitution so that it can function without criminalising prostitutes or creating victims and that prostitutes are free to work in as safe and healthy environment as possible. To do this prostitution needs to be decriminalised and regulated. It needs to be recognised that prostitutes will always be out on the streets in some shape or form and so any attempts to move prostitution solely into the indoor sphere is unlikely to work. With that said legislation needs to address both indoor and outdoor prostitution. As with the Netherlands, brothels should be the promoted alternative with brothels being regulated and only state licensed ones should be tolerated. Prostitutes should be registered but allowed to operate with a degree of anonymity if they choose. The Laws against Pimping and forced prostitution should still stand and heavy laws should be imposed for hose who traffic women and force them to work as prostitutes. As for street prostitution we should look towards the Swedish model which criminalises the buyer rather than the prostitute. Additionally there needs to be a geographical equality to the implementation of prostitution laws. At the moment differ ent areas in the UK operate very different implementations of the current law. Some areas of the UK operate a Zero Tolerance policy yet others are unofficial red light districts. (Matthews, 2007) So to conclude it can be argued that laws have not changed all that much in the past century; the main changes in the law have mostly been about encompassing new offences. All that appears to have resulted in these new laws are that prostitutes have been driven out onto the streets. The nature of there job and the illegal status of it, creates high risk circumstances. And because their actions are unlawful they have to conceal what they are doing and cannot be protected by the services.There are talks about a draft Bill for new legislation on prostitution. But whole sale changes to the laws appear to not be on the agenda yet again. We can look towards policies in other countries such Sweden which favours the decriminalisation of the prostitute and to the Netherlands which has legalised and regulated brothels with a certain degree of success. What can be agreed is that there needs to be a wider debate upon the criminalisation or decriminalisation of prostitution, which looks at the needs and safety of those people who are sex workers. Bibliography Books: Evans, H. (1979) Harlots, Whores Hookers: A History of Prostitution, New York: Taplinger Matthews, R. (2008) Prostitution, Politics and Policy, Oxen: Routledge-Cavendish Pheonix, J. Oerton, S. (2005) Illicit and Illegal: Sex, regulation and social control, Devon, Willan. Roberts, N. (1993) Whores in History: Prostitution in Western Society, London: Harper Collins. Sanders, T. (2005) Sex Work: A risky business, Devon, Willan Scrambler, G. Scrambler, A. (1997) Rethinking Prostitution, London: Routledge. Thomas, T. (2005) Sex Crime: Sex offending and society 2nd Edition, Devon: Willan Walkowitz, J (1980) Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State, Cambridge: University Press. Websites: Bindel, J. (2004) ‘Streets Apart in The Guardian [online] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/weekend/story/0,,1215900,00.html [Accessed 2 April 2008] Home Office, (2003) ‘Sexual Offences Act 2003 in Office of Public Sector Information [online] Available from: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/ukpga_20030042_en_1 [Accessed 31 March 2008] Laite, J. (no date) ‘Paying the price again: prostitution policy in historical perspective in History and Policy [online] Available from: http://www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-46.html [Accessed 31 March 2008] McAlpine, M. (2006) ‘Prostitution: A contribution to the debate by the Scottish Socialist Party [online] Available from: http://www.scottishsocialistparty.org/pdfs/pamphlet1_1_final.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2008] Safer London Committee, (2005) ‘Street Prostitution in London by the London Assembly [Online] Available from: http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/pubserv/prostitution.pdf [Accessed 1 April 2008] Spurrell, C. (2006) ‘Who pays for sex? Youd be surprised in The Times [online] Available from : http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/men/article627388.ece [Accessed 2 April 2008] Journals: Jones, H. Sager, T. (2001) ‘Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Prostitution and the Anti Social Behaviour Order. Criminal Law Review, Nov: 873-885.

nuclear bomb history :: essays research papers

The United States stored nuclear weapons in 27 countries and territories around the globe during the Cold War, according to "Where They Were," the cover story in the November/December issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. The article, by three noted nuclear weapons analysts, is based upon a newly declassified Pentagon history released under a Freedom of Information Act request originally filed in 1985. During the Cold War, 18 sovereign nations and nine former or current American territories or possessions hosted U.S. nuclear weapons. Today, the United States is the only nuclear power that deploys nuclear weapons overseas. U.S. bombs remain stationed in Belgium, Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey. "We can now fill in many gaps in the history of the arms race and the Cold War," says Robert S. Norris, a Natural Resources Defense Council senior analyst and a co-author of the article. "Until now, there has never been official information on where, when, and what kinds of nuclear weapons were deployed overseas, and finally we have authoritative information about their presence in such surprising places as Japan, Greenland, Iceland and Taiwan." The authors also found that during the peak years in the early 1970s, the United States had more than 7,000 nuclear weapons in NATO countries in Europe, and more than 2,000 on land in the Pacific. A variety of naval vessels, including aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates and attack submarines, routinely carried another 3,000 nuclear weapons. Altogether, the United States deployed 38 types of nuclear weapon systems abroad. Germany was home for 21 U.S. weapon systems, which were first installed in 1955. Guam hosted 20 types and the Japanese island of Okinawa, while under U.S. occupation, hosted 19. William M. Arkin, a co-author of the article, points out that while historians knew that nuclear weapons were stored in some countries, they were unaware about others and knew nothing of the details. The Pentagon document, he says, fundamentally revises post-war nuclear history. "There isn’t a nuclear analyst alive who didn’t believe that the first U.S. nuclear weapons deployed overseas were sent to Britain," he says. "Now we know they actually went to Morocco first." Arkin also is the co-author of "Nuclear Battlefields" (1985), the first book to document the worldwide nuclear infrastructure. "Where they Were" is based upon the formerly top secret study, "History of the Custody and Deployment of Nuclear Weapons: July 1945 through September 1977," which was prepared by the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 1978.

Blood Doping in Endurance Sports

Blood Doping in Endurance Sports Blood doping has become a consistant part of sports and fair play. Blood doping enhances your performance by increasing red blood cell mass and as a result delivering more oxygen to muscle. This â€Å"boost† of energy has sparked major controversy in the sports world for what it can do for an athlete during endurance events such as running. The risks involve putting the cardiovascular system of the athlete being in severe danger because of this procedure. Still, there are athletes out there that will put themselves at risk just to experience the prestige feeling of being number one, regardless of the circumstances. Fortunately, the last few years’ studies have made great strides and it has been discovered that athletes can increase their blood’s oxygen level without any side effects. Over the course of many years the use of blood doping and substances have been extremely controversial in endurance sports, how is it monitored and should they be allowed, but more importantly what are the risks? Each year, athletes in the endurance sports, increase their performances greatly. There is always better training, better conditioning tactics, and healthier athletes. Most athletes in the endurance world take one, if not all, of these methods to improve their races. Some of these ways consist of altitude training and the High Altitude Bed which is a bed that stimulates being 10,000 or more feet above which helps endurance athletes increase EPO in their bodies. Both the altitude bed and altitude training are safe and practical ways to achieve what some athletes accomplish through a highly dangerous and somewhat controversial way. However, there are some athletes that will do anything to find an easy way out, which may hinder their performance rather than help them achieve their goals. Plasma injections or blood doping is a complicated process, which if done right, can give great benefits for the short term. The process is very precise, in that, if done incorrectly, can be deadly to the recipient of the blood. â€Å"Blood doping, often called induced erythrocythemia, is the intravenous infusion of blood to produce an increase in the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity† (Smith). Putting that in black and white, you increase the amount of oxygen in your body, making it easier to race harder. The procedure begins with between 1 to 4 units of a person’s blood (1 unit = 450 ml of blood) being withdrawn. Most athletes go through the drawing of blood several weeks before a key competition so they have time to rebuild their normal level of red blood cells. The blood is then centrifuged and the plasma components are immediately reinfused while the remaining red blood cells are placed in cold storage (McArdle). The red blood cells are then reinfused back into the body, usually one to seven days before a high endurance event. If done correctly, this process can increase the hemoglobin level and red blood count by up to a staggering twenty percent creating the optimum oxygen levels. That percentage can make an average to slightly above average athlete look great and even make a very successful athlete have a performance of a lifetime. The WADA, the world anti- doping agency, is starting to crack down on endurance athletes trying to hurdle over some of the regulations to get a better time or place in their event. Athletes will do anything in their power to get the best seed time, place and to finish at a desired time and place when the final competition is held. Seed times can be crucial in endurance sports or faster, shorter races; this seed can determine where they are positioned throughout the race. But to prevent the hurdling of regulations a â€Å"World Anti- Doping Code† was set in place which all endurance athletes must follow especially when it comes to prestigious events. The purposes of the World Anti-Doping Code and the World Anti-Doping Program which supports it are: to protect the athletes' fundamental right to participate in doping-free sport and thus promote health, fairness and equality for athletes worldwide, and To ensure harmonized, coordinated and effective anti-doping programs at the international and national level with regard to detection, deterrence and prevention of doping† (USADA). The code is the fundamental and universal document upon which the World Anti-Doping Program in sport is based. The purpose of the Code is to advance the anti-doping effort through universal harmonization of core anti-doping elements. It is intended to be specific enough to achieve complete harmonization on issues where uniformity is required, yet general enough in other areas to permit flexibility on how agreed-upon anti-doping principles are implemented. † (USADA). Without this code athletes will not fear being tested or fear the risk of being exposed as a â€Å"cheater†. This Code implies that at any time a major athlete in a race can be tested if suggested or there is a high possibility the athlete could have used this method to â€Å"get ahead†. The international standards for this Code are to ensure every athlete across the globe understands this is illegal so every athlete in their race has a fair chance. The WADA does not want an athlete to break a world record in another country just because blood doping is legal in that country, therefore the Code applies to all endurance athletes world-wide. There are two ways to decide whether an athlete has used blood doping prior to their race and/or the day of their race. The athlete is either needed to take a blood or urine sample. There are such things as IC testing and OOC testing which refers to in-competition and out-of-competition. Yes, even if an athlete is out of season, blood doping is illegal, at all times, this includes the athlete is not competing in an upcoming race when they are found to have blood doped. In-Competition testing plans are primarily developed by coordinating with each National Governing Body (NGB) and are often in accordance with IF rules. Athletes may be selected for testing by USADA, the US anti- doping agency, based on a criterion that typically includes established rules set forth by each â€Å"IF†. An example of how athletes would be selected for in competition or event testing could be: Placed finishers, such as the top three finishers and randomly selected athletes, such as ninth, twelfth, fourteenth, etc. Out of Competition testing-USADA’s Test Distribution Plan establishes the number of tests per sport based upon the number of athletes in the USADA Registered Testing Pool and in evaluation of the International Standards. USADA also carefully considers selection formulas or requests for target selection of particular Athletes which are proposed by the USOC or a particular NGB. Tests are then allocated to periods throughout the year when OOC Testing is most effective (USADA). This testing is taken extremely serious; the USADA is determined to make endurance sports as natural as possible, to give everyone in the races a fair advantage, with no exceptions. Not just anyone can perform blood or urine tests for blood doping on the athletes. â€Å"The United States Olympic Committee (USOC), National Governing Bodies (NGBs), and the World Anti-doping agency (WADA) Code have authorized USADA to test any athlete, but only under certain circumstances†, (USADA). These circumstances are ostly done in the United States but when there is an international event or team, these also qualify for random testing. Random testing can occur quite often, especially the week before a major competition or after the competition ends. The United States is most determined to catch unfaithful athletes, but it is a constant mission to get all countries to take this as seriously as the United States does. The USADA can test anyone who: Is a member of a license holder of a NGB; Is participating at an Event or Competition sanctioned by the USOC or a NGB or participating at an Event or Competition in the United States sanctioned by an IF. This rule does not exclude competitors outside of the United States. If the athlete is a foreign athlete who is present in the United States, the athlete can still be tested. If the Athlete has given their consent to testing by USADA or who has submitted a Whereabouts Filing to USADA or an IF within the previous 12 months and has not given their NGB written notice of retirement or been named by the USOC or an NGB to an international team or who is included in the USADA Registered Testing Pool (USADA RTP) or is competing in a qualifying event to represent the USOC or NGB in international competition. That is one problem as well, out of the country athletes under certain circumstances must agree to be tested, in order to be tested. But there are so many ways the USADA can test an athlete. For most athletes there is still no way around the random testing. Even if a United States Athlete or foreign Athlete present in the United States who is serving a period of ineligibility on account of an anti-doping rule violation and has not given prior written notice of retirement to the their NGB and USADA or the applicable foreign anti-doping agency or foreign sport association, the athlete can still be tested. Athletes can only be tested by USADA under authorization from the USOC, an NGB, IF, any NADO, WADA, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Paralympic Committee, (IPC), or the organizing committee of any Event or Competition (USADA). As said before, this is taken extremely seriously to keep endurance sports clean and natural. There are many substances such as anabolic agents, hormones or steroids, Beta-2 agonists, gene doping, stimulants, narcotics, cannabinnoids, etc. Blood doping seems to be on the top of the lists because it has the least side effects, hence why athletes resort to blood doping. But the side effects may be few, but they are extremely dangerous to an athlete’s heath and life. The side effects of blood doping include, â€Å"increased heart rate, blood clotting, and stroke,† (USADA). Those three side effects may seem like they can only happen to older athletes but they apply to anyone who considers blood doping. Although, this system is a great prevention of future doping it also causes controversy when an athlete wins an event and is immediately suspected of blood doping or using a substance. These tests and committees let athletes know they are serious about this controversy and are stopping at nothing to make athletes get the performance they want the real way, no cheating, no cutting corners, just hard, hard work. These accusations not only affect the runners ego it also puts an unwanted spotlight on the athlete which make fans and other runners question the athletes character. There are plenty of athletes accused of blood doping such as, â€Å"Lasse Viren, the famous Finnish distance runner, (who was tripped and got back up to still win the 10,000m in the Olympics, and won the 5,000m against Prefontaine in 1972 & also won both again in 1976) was suspected of blood doping because he was still running elite even as he got older when most runners started to decline,† (Athletic Runner). Even though Lasse Viren was innocent, unfortunately we have this Code because that is not always the case. In other races such as the steeplechase even world champion steeplechaser, Marta Dominguez and his doctor have been accused of blood doping. At the center of cycling’s biggest doping investigation were among a reported 14 people detained across Spain by the Spanish Civil Guard in a new investigation. The Spanish news media reported that, â€Å" she was detained along with her trainer, Cesar Perez, and Eufemiano Fuentes, a doctor involved with Operation Puerto, which implicated more than fifty cyclists after raids in May 2006 that netted steroids, blood bags and blood doping equipment. It led to bans for Alejandro Valverde and Ivan Basso. Dominguez, thirty-five, is skipping the 2011 season because she is pregnant,† (New York Times). The urine sample to find out whether an athlete has violated the blood doping Code was a huge phenomenon in 2009. In recent studies, The World Anti-Doping Agency, found a new method that would allow wider testing of the banned blood-boosting hormone EPO. Arne Ljungqvist, vice president of WADA, said that, â€Å" if the new technique proved successful, it could be used much more widely than the existing system, which is expensive and complicated,† (New York Times). Before this testing became available it took days to figure out whether an athlete has cheated, but the urine testing has made big strides in speeding up the process for less controversy and stress for the athletes. Athletes like Cyclist Jesus Monzano have had bad experiences with blood doping. Blood doping can be lethal even for a healthy and fit athlete. He nearly died after being injected with poorly stored blood in 2003. It is found that, â€Å"an extraordinarily high level of RBCs in the blood can tax athletes' hearts. Its hard work for the organ to push sludgy blood through an athlete's veins† (Kois). Other athletes like Tyler Hamiliton face the loss of Olympic and prestigious medals, â€Å"He lost his medal in the cycling time trial because two separate blood tests suggested that he might be guilty of blood doping. Hamilton, who has up to now enjoyed a squeaky-clean image, denies the charge† (Kois). Although this can be done in almost any sport, the USADA’s considerations are consistent with WADA’s international Standards for testing (IST). These standards at minimum include: Physical demands of the sport and possible performance-enhancing effect that doping may elicit, available doping analysis statistics, available research on doping trends, training periods and competition season, the history of doping in the sport and/or discipline, training periods and the competition calendar, information received on possible doping practices, resources aimed at the detection of doping may be specifically targeted and USADA retains the right to test any athlete at any time. Currently, blood doping is a controversial issue. With great strides in science and sports medicine, this will probably be a dilemma for years to come. Many present and future athletes will have to use their best judgment when this procedure becomes an issue in their lives. Blood doping is illegal but is also somewhat undetectable. Even though there are ways to catch an athlete blood doping, the USADA still cannot catch everyone, as with any substances or ways to â€Å"get ahead†. Their goal is to make athletes realize this is an unfair advantage to athletes not blood doping. The potential risks of such a procedure seem to outweigh any potential benefits, above and beyond the ethical issues involved† (Wilmore). With all the things that can happen to a professional athlete, why risk it? If a distinct advantage is needed in endurance events, altitude training and the altitude sleep chamber seem to have far fewer risks and are currently safe and legal. And, if all else fail s, hard work and determination still count for something. Works Cited â€Å"Blood Doping. † USADA, 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2011. ;. Brien Anthony J, Simon Toby L: The Effects of Red Blood Cell Infusion on 10- K. Race Time. JAMA 1987; 257:20:2761-2765. Catlin Don H, Murray Thomas H: Performance-Enhancing Drugs, Fair Competition, and Olympic Sport. JAMA 1996; 276:3:231-237. â€Å"Effects of Blood Doping and Gamow’s High Altitude Bed. † Blood Doping. http://spot. colorado. edu/~gamow/doping. html (9 Mar. 1997). Ghaphery Nick A: Performance-Enhancing Drugs. The Orthopedic Clinics of North America 1995; 26:3:433-442. Gledhill Norman: Blood Doping and Related Issues: a brief review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1982; 14:3:183-189. â€Å"Killer drug should be tackled now, say’s expert. Blood Doping. http://www3. nando. net/newsroom/sports/oth/1996/oth/mor/feat/archive/031296/mor44236. html (9 Mar. 1997). Kois, Dan. â€Å"What Is Blood Doping? † Slate Magazine. 23 Sept. 2004. Web. 19 Mar. 2011. ;. McArdle William D, Katch Frank I, Katch Victor L: Exercise Physiology; Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Second Edition: Lea and Febiger Copyright 1986; Philadelphia, PA. p. 409-411. Mirkin Gabe. â€Å"New Tests to Detect EPO Use. † Blood Doping. http://www. wdn. com/mirkin/fc51. html (9 Mar. 1997). â€Å"Prof’s Invention to Train Athletes While They Sleep. Blood Doping. http://spot. colorado. edu. /~gamow/bedpr. html (9 Mar. 1997). Smith Daniel A, Perry Paul J: The efficacy of Ergogenic Agents in Athletic Competition; Part II: Other Performance-Enhancing Agents. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1992; 26:5:653-658. Wadler Gary I: Drug Use Update. The Medical Clinics of North America 1994; 78:2:439-455. Wilmore Jack H, Costill David L: Training for Sport and Activity; The Physiological Basis of the Conditioning Process. Third Edition: Wm. C. Brown Publishers Copyright 1988; Dubuque, IA. p. 255-257.

Economics and Opportunity Cost Essay - 1006 Words

The Cost of Something Mankiws Ten Principles of Economics Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative in a decision. Imagine that you have $150 to see a concert. You can either see Hot Stuff or you can see Good Times Band. Assume that you value Hot Stuffs concert at $225 and Good Times concert at $150. Both concerts cost $150 per ticket, but it would take you a couple of hours to drive to Hot Stuffs concert and you have to be in school (the next) morning for an exam. Good Times concert is right here in town. Explain how you would assess the opportunity cost of seeing Good Times in concert. What is the opportunity cost of going to Good Times concert? Develop a response that includes examples and evidence to†¦show more content†¦Both tickets for both the bands are $150 per ticket – but one is in the state of Nevada, which is about 4 hours away (not including traffic), while one is less than 10 minutes away from my home. Though both bands cost the same, I value Hot Stuff’s concert at $225. I am debating on which two bands to invest my time in seeing, or even second thinking whether or not I should stay home and rest in preparation for my GRE exam in the morning. Marginal utility is a vital economic concept used to determine how much an item a consumer will buy. By definition, marginal utility is the additional satisfaction a consumer gains from consuming one more unit of a good or service. In my particular case, I am willing to pay a marginal utility of $225 per ticket, drive 4 hours to Las Vegas, and return to Anaheim once the concert is over around 1 AM. But does that make any sense for me to spend almost 12 hours, the night before my exam, attending a concert in another state? Absolutely not! Although the satisfaction of attending a concert I’ve been waiting several years to see will be spectacular, the amount of satisfaction that comes with resting well and earning a high GRE score will be much greater. Giving up my favorite band, Hot Stuff, would be the first off the list. A good nights’ rest is simply the next best alternative to dismiss the concert. The Good Times concert at the Anaheim House of Blues sounds veryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Economics and Opportunity Cost1005 Words   |  5 Pagesweekly salary. Product market c. The manager buys dinner at Billy’s Cafà ©. Product market d. After he pays all of his employees their wages and pays his other bills, the owner of Billy’s Cafà © takes his profit. Factor market 2. List the opportunity costs of the following: a. going to college - the money you would have earned if you worked instead. b. missing a lecture – takes away from your knowledge of that lesson. c. withdrawing and spending $100 from your savings account, which earns 5Read MoreThe Economic Principles Of Tradeoff And Opportunity Cost848 Words   |  4 Pagesdecisions. Sometimes we are given a choice among multiple desired options and we must debate which one would be the best option. By using economic principles, making these decisions can become easy when we apply such economic principles as Trade offs and Opportunity Cost. As a current senior with only one semester left to graduate, utilizing these economic principles will allow me to make the best possible decision when choosing which of three electives to take next semester: French, CreativeRead MoreThe Cost Of Opportunity Cost1108 Words   |  5 PagesOpportunity cost can be defined as the price of a substitute that might be forgone in order to pursue an assured action. The forgone cost. Opportunity cost can also be defined as the best forgone alternative in a scenario where a decision had to be made between some many m utually exclusive or inclusive alternatives (Mankiw, 2009). Simply put opportunity cost is what one is missing out when they make a choice. I could be watching a game of European Soccer or watching a rerun episode of Game of ThronesRead MoreEssay on Chapter 1 Profits Managers And Markets 1 1201 Words   |  5 PagesFundamentals of Managerial Economics McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright  © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter One Chapter Overview †¢ Introduction – The manager – Economics – Managerial economics defined †¢ Economics of Effective Management – Identifying goals and constraints – Recognize the nature and importance of profits – Understand incentives – Understand markets – Recognize the time value of money – Use marginal analysis †¢ Learning managerial economics 1-2 IntroductionRead MoreImplicit Cost Of An Explicit Cost Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesExplicit costs are expenses/payments that are actually made and frequently recorded. They mirror payment for a business transaction, such as salaries, rent, and utilities.(OpenStax Economics, 2016). Implicit costs being intangible are not frequently recorded. This sort of cost mirrors a potential opportunity, advantages, or points of interest that may have happened in a given circumstance. (OpenStax Economics, 2016) EXAMPLES OF WHEN AN EXPLICIT COST IS DIFFERENT FROM AN IMPLICIT COST 1. ImplicitRead MoreExplain The Nature Of Economics1216 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics Essay Explain the nature of economics The nature of economics is essentially the study of the economy and how to solve the problems it poses. Economics includes the concepts of the economic problem, scarcity, the need for choice, opportunity costs, future implications of current choice by individuals, businesses and governments and economic factors underlying decision making by individuals, businesses and the government. The nature and study of economics is ultimately about trying toRead MoreSupply Chain Opportunity For An Uncertain Economic Recovery1402 Words   |  6 PagesSupply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery Authors Statement of Purpose Supply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery, by Eric G. Olson, discusses the advantages the supply chain has in a struggling economic recovery, when most other companies are dealing with uncertainty. The authors’ intention contained in this article is to discuss opportunities that businesses have to grow their operations despite coming out of a severe recession. The author identifies to take advantageRead MoreEssay about Econ Ch.1728 Words   |  3 PagesAlternatives, and Choice Multiple Choice [QUESTION] 1. Economics is a social science that studies how individuals, institutions, and society may: A) Expand the amount of productive resources available to them B) Attain a minimum level of unemployment C) Best use scarce resources to achieve the maximum satisfaction of economic wants D) Reduce the prices of goods and services to consumers Answer: C Topic: The Economic Perspective Difficulty: 2 Medium Learning Objective: 01-01 Bloom’s:Read MoreThe Opportunity Cost Of Relationships797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Opportunity Cost of Relationships In this article, the author Chrissie Deist described about what people have to give up to get what they want. This is called the opportunity cost. He also illustrated an example of this with apples and oranges. Moreover, the opportunity cost does not always have to be financial cost. Deist did mention that romantic relationships have an opportunity cost as well. He provided some lists of things people sacrifice to be in relationships such as losing their personalRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyse the economic and social costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can